Summary Send Them Home - 1327 Words

Toal 1 Patrick Toal ENG 112 Harr 6 February 2016 Send Them Home In other countries, citizens are faced with many challenges, from sex trafficking to gang violence, the children families of these countries are suffering. Personally I feel bad and would like to offer help to those affected but how can the United States help another country when our country is currently falling apart. The refugee’s we take in will be rewarded with government benefits such as; housing, food stamps, welfare checks, and free health insurance. What about the hundreds of American citizens who are suffering and are in need of government assistance but don’t meet the criteria? What about the thousands of war veterans who are homeless or cant find a job? We are expected tens of thousands of refugees in but we don’t even have room for the legal citizens who are currently living here. Also, how can we be sure we are safe? Refugee’s who come to America should be deported. We have been faced with terrorist threats from Syrians who we have already granted amnesty to and who keep making their way into the United States. Instead of granting amnesty we needs to focus on the safety and economical future of its current legal citizens. Immigration is a huge issue in the United States. Over the last couple of years the immigration status has greatly risen. They come to the United States for a good Toal 2 future, education, safety, and most of all freedom. Like previous states, these immigrants are fleeingShow MoreRelatedThe Fellowship Of The Ring1692 Words   |  7 PagesSUMMARY #1 (pg. 1-45) Although my novel, The Fellowship of the Ring, has just begun, a lot of events have already taken place. The story begins years after the events of the prequel The Hobbit, fifty years since Bilbo Baggins had returned from an adventure with the great wizard Gandalf and Gandalf’s dwarf companions. 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Research indicates that stakeholders are more apt to buy into the mission and vision of the school if they are a part of the process of developing them. The stakeholders and their contributions and potential contributions are as follows: School Level Administrator The school level administrator serves as the facilitator of the entire process of developing the strategic plan. The administrator incorporatesRead MoreMaya Angelous I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Essay1687 Words   |  7 Pages Maya shields herself against the confusion of St. Louis by reading fairy-tales and telling herself that she does not intend on staying there anyway. Vivian works in a gambling parlor at night. Maya pities Mr. Freeman because he spends his days at home waiting for Vivian to return. Maya begins sleeping at night with Vivian and Mr. Freeman because she suffers from nightmares. One morning after Vivian has left the bed and the house, Mr. Freeman sexually molests Maya. He does not rape her but ratherRead MoreWhat Are Consumers Buying? Cars, Food, And Stuff For Their Home1206 Words   |  5 PagesArticle 7 Title of the Article: What are consumers buying? Cars, food, and stuff for their home Authors First and Last name: Paul R. La Monica Webaddress:http://money.cnn.com/2015/06/11/investing/retail-sales-consumer-spending Keywords/ Search terms: Consumer demand, consumer preferences, sales, consumer spending, consumer purchases, consumer salary, retail, news Summary: According to government officials, retail sales have significantly risen over the past month, which is a positive sign for the

Argumentative Essay on Telivision Is the Leading Cause of...

Date range Phase Era 7000 - 5500 BCE Mehrgarh I (aceramic Neolithic) Early Food Producing Era 5500-3300 Mehrgarh II-VI (ceramic Neolithic) Regionalisation Era 5500-2600 3300-2600 Early Harappan 3300-2800 Harappan 1 (Ravi Phase) 2800-2600 Harappan 2 (Kot Diji Phase, Nausharo I, Mehrgarh VII) 2600-1900 Mature Harappan (Indus Valley Civilization) Integration Era 2600-2450 Harappan 3A (Nausharo II) 2450-2200 Harappan 3B 2200-1900 Harappan 3C 1900-1300 Late Harappan (Cemetery H); Ochre Coloured Pottery Localisation Era 1900-1700 Harappan 4 1700-1300 Harappan 5 1300-300 Painted Gray Ware, Northern Black Polished Ware (Iron Age) Indo-Gangetic TraditionThe Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) was a Bronze Age civilization (3300–1300†¦show more content†¦J. H. MacKay, and Sir John Marshall. By 1931, much of Mohenjo-Daro had been excavated, but excavations continued, such as that led by Sir Mortimer Wheeler, director of the Archaeological Survey of India in 1944. Among other archaeologists who worked on IVC sites before the partition of the subcontinent in 1947 were Ahmad Hasan Dani, Brij Basi Lal, Nani Gopal Majumdar, and Sir Marc Aurel Stein. Following the Partition of India, the bulk of the archaeological finds were inherited by Pakistan where most of the IVC was based, and excavations from this time include those led by Sir Mortimer Wheeler in 1949, archaeological adviser to the Government of Pakistan. Outposts of the Indus Valley civilization were excavated as far west as Sutkagan Dor in Baluchistan, as far north as at Shortugai on the Amudarya or Oxus River in current Afghanistan. Chronology Main article: Periodization of the Indus Valley Civilization The mature phase of the Harappan civilization lasted from c. 2600 to 1900 BCE. With the inclusion of the predecessor and successor cultures—Early Harappan and Late Harappan, respectively—the entire Indus Valley Civilization may be taken to have lasted from the 33rd to the 14th centuries BCE. Two terms are employed for the periodization of the IVC: Phases and Eras.[15][16] The Early Harappan, Mature Harappan,

Romanticism The Power Of Imagination - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 887 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/06/14 Category Art Essay Level High school Topics: Romanticism Essay Did you like this example? Romanticism The word romanticism was initially used to describe new ideas in literature and painting. Afterward, the term Romanticism stood for the most famous intellectual movement that originally generated in Europe toward the end of the eighteenth century (Cranston M. W., Cranston, 1994). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Romanticism: The Power Of Imagination" essay for you Create order At the end of the eighteenth century and well into the nineteenth century, romanticism rapidly spread throughout Europe and the United States to challenge the rational concept held so tightly within the Enlightenment, the former intellectual and philosophical movement that contained a range of ideas centered on reason as the fundamental source of authority and legitimacy. Romanticism embraced subjectivity and individuality opposing to the excessive insistence on logical thoughts. That is, the emphasis changed into the significance of the individualrs experience in the world and the interpretation of it, rather than interpretations declared by tradition or church. With its emphasis on the emotion and imagination, Romanticist participants began exploring various psychological and emotional states as well as moods. Moreover, they found their voices across many genres, including music, art, and architecture (Rebecca S., 2018). The word Romanticism can be defined as a conduct which strong ly emphasizes and express the individualrs emotions and innovations. Some reasons and background are supporting why romanticism can be categorized in this way. One of the first important applications of the term romanticism to music was in 1789, in the Memoires by the Frenchman Andre Gretry. It was E.T.A. Hoffmann who set up the principles of musical romanticism, in an 1813 article on Beethovenrs instrumental music, and in a review of Ludwig van Beethovens Fifth Symphony published in 1810. It was Hoffmannrs combination of ideas already associated with the term Romantic, used in opposition to the formality and restraint of classical forms, elevating music, and especially instrumental music, to a dominant position in Romanticism. Romantic music was regarded as the art most suited to the expressions of emotions. During the romantic period, the form of music became more expressive, coping with the artistic, literary, and philosophical themes of the time. Motivated by this fact, some researchers examined the hypnosis that minor-mode music from the period of romanticism is more likely to perform louder dynamic levels than music composed within th e classical period. In addition to conveying passive emotions, the minor mode was more likely to be used to express effects that are related to higher dynamic levels, for instance, seriousness, passion or aggression (Ladinig, O., Huron, D.,2010). On the other hand, The composers who are extensively regarded as representation in romantic music, such as Schubert and Schumann, sometimes apply quite conventional formal structures to certain genres. For instance, a book written by Nicholas Saul indicates a point. The movements of Schubertrs piano sonatas frequently follow the pattern of exposition (initial statement of the thematic material) development (variation of the initial thematic material), and recapitulation (return of the initial thematic material (Bowie, A., 2009, P.244). Still, the pattern within the section of the form can be incredibly innovative and expressive. During the romantic period, the composers found a way to convey their state of emotions. That is, making their musical works became em otionally expressive. When the words Romantic art are mentioned, people might associate the meaning of words with love matters. While it is inappropriate for romantic arts to be defined in this way. Defining romanticism is not an easy work, but there are some main characteristics of romantic painting that can be identified. The application of the word Romance within artistic fields simply infers emotional art. Emphasizing on emotions is one of the typical romantic art perspectives. Take romanticism of portraits as an example, those portraits which were created within the romantic period were brought to life by giving the person eyes such as mirrors of the soul, a grimace, a smile, or a certain tile of the head. Moreover, the artists portrayed their subject describing madness, innocence, loneliness, virtue, greed or altruism by making use of the magic of brushes. The power of nature is another romantic arts characteristic. The artists greatly revered the power and mystery of nature, trying to reproduce its fascinating majesty on the canvas. There are many topics of natural disasters in romantic paintings, for instance, blizzards, fires, and volcanos. Take an art display called Calais Pier painted by JMW Turner, for example, this painting depicts the shipwrecks which are overshadowed by the swirling waves and the ominous sky (Victorian Era, 2018). Concerning about romanticism of art, the features is not only highly emotional expression but also exaggeratedly displayed power of nature. Romanticism roused past styles in architecture, such as the Gothic style, which was originated in the mid- nineteen-century Gothic Revival. Other types of romantic architecture are illustrated in a variety of styles regarded as exotic since their replacement into a foreign setting in a more fanciful, less accurate format. Examples of exotic architectural styles include Egyptian-influenced homes, Asian-styled homes, and even Swiss chalets. These kinds of homes contain such exotic elements as Egyptian columns and small sphinx sculptures, or Japanese-inspired rooflines, or a Swiss chalet A-frame as a decorative overlay to the traditional European building type (Academic, 2008). In conclusion, romanticism is the name initially given to a movement in many artistic fields. As time passed on, the primary meaning of the word Romanticism gradually changed, emphasizing on the power of imagination, and the source of inspiration.

Film Review Blue Velvet - 1378 Words

David Lynch’s 1986 film Blue Velvet is recognised worldwide for not only it’s manipulation of the psychological horror and film-noir genres, but also for it’s compelling portrayal of shifting erotic triangles and homosocial bonds. The scenes shown between 1:27:00 and 1:32:23 provide a clear snapshot of these complex relationships, and give insight into other character interactions throughout the wider film. References to the infamous Oedipal complex and Freudian findings, as well as succinct manipulation of media conventions further strengthen the presentation of these shifting romantic, familial and friendship relations. Before discussing the significance of erotic triangles and homosocial bonds within Blue Velvet, it is imperative to gain a clear understanding of these terms. An erotic triangle typically involves three romantically involved persons, and connotes an arrangement unsuitable for one or more of the three participants (Cooper, 1974). Two key forms of the erotic triangle have been distinguished: the rivalrous triangle and the split-object triangle (Person, 1988). In the rivalrous triangle the protagonist competes with another for the affection of the beloved, whilst the split-object triangle sees the protagonist split his/her attention between two objects (Person, 1988). Each member of the erotic triangle will have some sort of relationship to one another. Although predominantly romantic, these relationships can also be familial or friendship based (Schank Show MoreRelatedDavid Lynchs Film, Blue Velvet Essay1605 Words   |  7 PagesDavid Lynchs Blue Velvet is an exploration of things abo ve and below the surface. This surface is really a borderline between not only idyllic suburban America and the dark, perverted corruption that lies underneath but also between good and evil, conscious and subconscious, dream and reality. Although this division seems quite rigid and clean-cut some of the most important implications of the film stem from the transgressions of these borderlines. In the initial scenes of the film Lynch introducesRead MoreAdvances in Animation and Their Effects on Modern Cinema 2531 Words   |  11 Pagesform of entertainment has shaped standards when it comes to what people expect to see in films in the 21st century. Animation, no matter the form, has been a large part of people’s lives and it has become quite transparent that recent advance have led to a whole new level of animation. There has however been conflict when it comes to this form of media in regards to whether or not traditionally animated films, whether it be stop motion or hand d rawn pictures, are becoming obsolete since the adventRead MoreStephen King, Christine - Text Analysis2157 Words   |  9 Pagesnovels that were published under the pseudonym Richard Bachman. When twelve, he began submitting stories for sale. At first ignored and then scorned by mainstream critics, by the late 1980’s his novels were reviewed regularly in The New York Times Book Review, with increasing favor. Beginning in 1987, most of his novels were main selections of the Book-of-the-Month Club, which in 1989 created the Stephen King Library, committed to keeping King’s novels â€Å"in print in hardcover.† King published more thanRead MoreAgatha Christie Essay 22195 Words   |  9 Pagesgalloped on horseback through Kensington Gardens. In 56 years Christie wrote 66 detective novels, among the best of which are The Murder of Roger Acroyd, MURDER ON THE ORIENT EXPRESS (1934), DEATH ON THE NILE (1937), and TEN LITTLE NIGGERS (1939). The film version of Ten Little Niggers (1945, US title: And Then There Were None) by the French director Renà © Clair, starring Walter Huston and Barry Fitzgerald, is one of the most faithful Christie adaptations. In addition to these mysteries, Christie wroteRead MoreThe Process, The Rewards And The Risks5686 Words   |  23 Pagesthrough original backgrounds from the 1953 film. It was very cool to be that close to the classic original animation cels! We ended up using several in our short film, and it worked out great. Another great opportunity was being able to form a relationship with Roy E. Disney. I was asked to join him as a representative of the educational department on a trip to Ecuador in the mid-1990s. The company offered to help train animators to create educational films to address local needs. We toured the countryRead MoreBlue Man Case Study Essay10220 Words   |  41 Pages9-810-108 REV: JANUARY 6, 2012 BHASKAR CHAKRAVORTI JANET KRAUS SHIRLEY M. SPENCE Blue Man Group: Creativity, Life and Surviving an Economic Meltdown 1 Sometimes when we look at where Blue Man Group has gone; we just sort of scratch our heads. And we think about how we started, basically just the three of us saying, â€Å"Why don’t we get bald and blue and do stuff?† — Chris Wink, co-founder with friends Matt Goldman and Phil Stanton Monday evening on July 7, 2008, Chris, Matt and PhilRead More Telling It Like It Is Essay3702 Words   |  15 Pagesbroadcasts. In fact, the pendulum swung far over to the radical side: the media by and large accepted governmental censorship requests, ceased to question our leaders, and even began censoring their interviews, handling our nation’s institutions with velvet gloves. We championed our country, with its ideals of freedom and democracy, and in the process lost a part of our freedom and democracy. 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An Analysis of Police Reforms Free Essays

string(50) " of rule of law as well as political credibility\." 1 COMPARATIVE JURISPRUDENCE PROJECT TOPIC:An analysis of police reforms, in light of Aristotle’s theory of justice SUBMITTED TO: PROF. AMITA DHANDA SUBMITTED BY: DEEPINDER BAL ROLL NO. – 11 LL. We will write a custom essay sample on An Analysis of Police Reforms or any similar topic only for you Order Now M I YEAR EMAIL- deepinder. bal@nalsar. ac. in 1 Abstract In 1996, two former Director Generals of Police requested the Supreme Court to direct the central and the state governments to adopt a set of measures to address the most glaring gaps and bad practices in the functioning of the police. 2 Given the gravity of the problem and the total uncertainty as to when police reforms would be introduced, the Supreme Court, on 22nd September, 2006, delivered a historic judgment where it considered that it could not further wait for governments to take suitable steps for police reforms and issued 7 directives for immediate compliance which were binding upon central and state governments, until they frame appropriate legislations. The researcher would like to relate the topic with Aristotle’s theory. Aristotle’s vision of a good civil society and the teleological theory can be related to the purpose of introduction of the police reforms viz. the judgment and the purpose of the implementation of the judgment. 2 Topic- An analysis of police reforms (In light of the judgment, Prakash Singh others v. Union of India and others on 22, Sept, 2006) 3 The Government of India appointed a National Police Commission in 1977 to examine the role and performance of the Indian police as a law-enforcing agency and as an institution to protect the rights of the citizens enshrined in the Constitution. The Commission submitted 8 reports in a span of 2 years, wherein it made various recommendations so as to redefine the role, duties, powers and responsibilities of the police. With the 8th report, it drafted a new Police Act incorporating certain essential recommendations, which were never implemented. In 1996, a petition was filed by 2 former Director Generals of Police, praying for the issue of directions to the Government of India to frame a new Police Act drafted by the Commission to ensure that the police is made accountable essentially and primarily to the law of the land and the people. As a part of my project research, I would like to examine the need of police reforms in India, the implications and implementation of the 2006 judgment of the Supreme Court (in response to the petition of 1996), in relation to the Aristotle’s theory of justice and his concept of a good civil society. India has established a vibrant democracy, where good governance and administration of justice to the citizens are essential attributes. The primary institution on which the state relies for the maintenance of law and order is the police. Policing is an essential public service and it is the duty of every state to provide its people with the best police service possible. The society perceives police to be the custodians of law and order who provide safety and security to all. Thus police personnel have a vital role in a parliamentary democracy like India. The Police as an organized institution came into existence in India with the Police Act of 1861, which was the advent of the British. The police act was designed on the British model of colonial control, which was meant for its subjects and not for the free citizens of a democracy. Independence has changed the political system in India, but the police system is still governed by The Police Act of 1861. It is shocking to believe that, till now, no government, central or state, has taken the initiative to replace the Police Act of 1861 with new legislation, which would be in tune with requirements of democratic policing. Aristotle in his theory states that the purpose of any organization is to from good citizens and to cultivate good character. We must recognize that the police is one of the most vital social institutions needed to construct a democratic society in which human rights and freedoms are respected and protected. He also stated that â€Å"the end and purpose of a polis is the good life, and the institutions of social life are means to that end†. 1 1 Who deserves what? , Michael sandel’s theory of justice. 3 A political community exists to promote a good life and this aim cannot be achieved without the support of an efficient social organization. So, the police service is a significant part of the socialization body and it seeks to enhance the democracy and the civility within the society. 4 The aim of the police force is to promote the welfare of society for which they must be equipped with the professional knowledge and the necessary powers for creating a social just environment for the citizens. Aristotle believes that it is possible to reason the purpose of social institutions. He reasons that the essential nature of the social institutions is not fixed once and for all. Policing is a dynamic process. It needs to be constantly reinvented in order to be effective. Civil society advocates for a variety of policy changes, new legislations all aimed towards public good. Law is needed both to help habituate citizens to virtuous actions and to help maintain the salutary habits they acquire. For Aristotle, the primary purpose of law is to cultivate the habits that lead to good character. â€Å"Legislators make the citizens good by forming habits in them, and this is the wish of every legislator, and those who do not effect it miss their ark, and it is in this that a good Constitution differs from a bad one†. 2 Presently, the police organisation is marked by aback of democratic functioning and adequate police direction. Police priorities are defined by, and changed according to, the will of the political executive. The manner is which political control has been exercised in India has led to gross abuses, resulting in the erosion of rule of law as well as political credibility. You read "An Analysis of Police Reforms" in category "Essay examples" At present the laws governing the relationship between police and the political executive are not clear enough to prevent the blurring of boundaries. Over the course of time this lack of clarity has permitted all kinds of illegitimate interferences to seep into the police functioning and is one of the seminal causes for poor overall management of the police and the difficulty of fixing responsibility so as to achieve effective, unbiased and accountable performance. In a democracy, the police have to function as any other public service, which renders services to the community and not as â€Å"force†. Aristotle has also made a distinction between â€Å"rule of law† and â€Å"rule of force†. The rule of law is a democratic rule for the benefit of the entire population (all citizens, the public or the nation as such), whereas the rule of force is an authoritarian, perverted and corrupted form of rule for the advantage of the ruler. 3 In relation to the above context, the Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh has observed, â€Å"Today, police forces have to serve the interests of the people, not rulers. In a democratic framework as we are in today, there is need to have in the police forces a managerial philosophy, a value system and an ethos in tune with the times. I had 2 3 Richard Kraut, Aristotle: political philosophy, Oxford University press, 2002. Aristotle (384-322 BC): The Polis. Hammondsworth, 1991, Penguin. 4 5 emphasized the need to ensure that the police forces at all levels change from a feudal force to a democratic service. The spirit of public service, of respect for the rights of individuals, of being just and humane in ones action must permeate the entire police force†. 4 The Supreme Court too, reiterated the need of enforcing the rule of law in the police system with its verdict of the 2006 judgment5. The Court ordered that police reform must take place. The states and union territories were directed to comply with seven binding directives viz. to Constitute a State Security Commission, selection and minimum tenure of DGP, minimum tenure of IG of police and other officers, separation of Investigation, Constituting a Police Establishment Board, to constitute a Police Complaints Authority and to set up a National Security Commission, that would kick start reform. These directives pulled together the various strands of improvement generated since 1979. The Court required immediate implementation of its orders either through executive orders or new police legislation. According to me, the judgment of the Supreme Court though came after a decade of the filing of petition; it served the dire necessity of the implementation of police reforms, which was never initiated by any of the state or the central government so far. According to Aristotelian’s theory of justice, every social practice or an institution is established for some purpose, end or aim. The aim of the police force as a social institution is to maintain law and order in a democratic society. If this purpose is not being achieved, the need for police reforms in keeping with the requirements of a modern, democratic state is self-evident. Aristotle has described his theory of justice as: Justice is teleological- defining rights requires us to figure out the telos (the purpose, end, or essential nature) of the social practice in question. Justice is honorific- to reason about the telos of a practice- or to argue about it- is, at least in part, to reason or argue about what virtues it should honor and reward. 6 In any country, administration of justice is one of the primary functions, which it seeks to promote. One of the ways through which this purpose could be achieved is to have a policing system, which is equipped with such adequate powers. Aristotle in his theory while discussing the concept of justice with regard to telos and honouring of virtues, stresses that you honour only those persons who help in achieving your purpose. 4 Prime Minister’s address to the Annual conference of DGPs / IGPs of States and UTs; October 6, 2005; New Delhi; retrieved from http://pmindia. nic. in/speech/content. asp? id=207 5 Prakash Singh and others v. Union of India and others, Writ Petition (civil) 310 of 1996. 6 Supra, note 1. As according to Aristotle only virtuous people are honored, to imbibe that virtue in the police force, it is necessary that they should have such powers where they can function efficiently and effectively thus, imparting goodness in the society. 6 Aristotle says that essential nature is attributed to the social institutions so that the purpose or the telos can be achieved . Here, the police being still governed under the 1861 act have not been given the required powers through which they can achieve the purpose of policing. The crux of the police reform is to secure professional independence for the police to unction truly and efficiently as an impartial agent of the law of the land and at the same time, to enable the government to oversee the police performance to ensure its conformity to law. The need of law enforcement is to maintain peace, enforce the laws of the land, protect the people from criminals, and to help ensure the safety of the citizens. The corruption in political system and political leaders has made the Indian police toothless; so far doing their duties is concerned. If the police have no powers, it cannot function to provide a safe and secure environment for its citizens. Coupled with undue political interference police functioning is plagued by the lack of policy directions and absence of any formal performance evaluation framework. The most glaring examples of illegitimate political interference affecting police work is evident in cases of communal riots and other disturbances. Public order is a critical necessity for progress. An unruly society would be a recipe for economic disaster. With the implementation of the police reforms the quality of life of the citizen, which is in great measure dependent upon the maintenance of public and police order will improve. Aristotle also states that â€Å"at his best man is the noblest of all animals, separated from law and justice he is the worst†. 7 Even after 6 years of the judgment have elapsed, no effective steps have been taken by a majority of states to incorporate the directives issued by the Supreme Court. None of the directions to professionalize the police force, to prevent arbitrary transfer of officers and introduction of transparency in the system have been implemented. The criminalization of Indian politics has eroded the authority of the police leadership and consequently the discipline of the force. Aristotle’s way of reasoning from the purpose of a good to the proper allocation of the good is an instance of teleological reasoning. Aristotle claims that in order to determine the just distribution of a good, we have to inquire into the telos, or purpose, of the good being distributed. The distribution of good that Aristotle talks about, in my case is equivalent to the distribution of powers in a democratic society. If we look into the purpose of power being distributed it should be in the hands of those who would best utilise the power and help in the achievement of a purpose, which is the administration of justice. And 7 Supra, note 3. 7 since police is a medium achieving the justice, they should be given proper powers in order to achieve the telos. Aristotle had said, â€Å"It is in justice that ordering of society is centered. The justice system in many ways is the bedrock of a democratic society since it upholds the rule of law, which is the fundamental feature of a t rue democracy. Our laws have to be sensitive to the changes in social structure and social philosophy, a reflection of contemporary social consciousness and a mirror of our values as a civilization. Thus, non-accessibility of justice results in the erosion of rule of law as well as police credibility†. For Aristotle, justice means giving people what they deserve, giving each person his or her due. It involves two factors: â€Å"things, and the persons to whom things are assigned†. 9 As far as the implementation of the judgment is concerned, the court stressed the need for a buffer body between the police and the politicians, which will accord functional autonomy to the police even as they are supervised by the political executive. As a result the relationship between the police and politician will loose its present character of unfettered discretion and illegitimate interference. The non-seriousness in the approach of the state governments in abiding with the directives issued by the Supreme Court, destroy the very basis of a judicial mechanism. The purpose of the judgment was to provide a professional and a wellequipped police system, which can efficiently manage the democratic society. The lack of political will in implementing this reform is symptomatic of a larger malice in the system, whereby the politician is reluctant to let go off his control over the police and law enforcement agencies. The alacrity with which thousands of northeast Indians fled Maharashtra and Karnataka recently has once again underscored the complete lack of the faith of the common man in the law and order machinery. It is yet another reminder that more than anything else a multi cultural and multi ethnic society like India needs an a political, professional police force and an efficient judicial system that will serve the rule of law without fear or favour. It is absence of such a vital mechanism that is at the heart of the unchecked crimes, poor conviction rate and the general lack of faith in the law and order system that we see in India today. The police force is highly politicised and corrupt and more than anything else, it is the absence of strict enforcement of law and swift justice that is at the heart of the breakdown that we face today. Aristotle’s concept of a good civil society where he talks about the law of the polis inculcating good habits and thus forming a good character sets us on the way to civic virtue. This virtue can be achieved with the implementation of the police reforms in the society. 8 9 Supra, note 3. Supra, note 1. 7 8 The quality of the justice system in the country, to a larger extent depends upon the working of a police force. Thus, having regard to larger public interest, it is absolutely necessary to issue the requisite directions. 8 Bibliography 9 ? Aristotle, Nicomachean ethics. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1962 ? Who deserves what? , from Michael Sandel’s Theory of Justice ? Morris, T. , (1998), If Aristotle ran General Motors: the new soul of business. New York: Henry Holt and Company, LLC. ? Richard Kraut, Aristotle: political philosophy, Oxford University press, 2002 ? Aristotle (384-322 BC): The Polis. Hammondsworth, 1991, Penguin 9 How to cite An Analysis of Police Reforms, Essay examples An Analysis of Police Reforms Free Essays string(50) " of rule of law as well as political credibility\." 1 COMPARATIVE JURISPRUDENCE PROJECT TOPIC:An analysis of police reforms, in light of Aristotle’s theory of justice SUBMITTED TO: PROF. AMITA DHANDA SUBMITTED BY: DEEPINDER BAL ROLL NO. – 11 LL. We will write a custom essay sample on An Analysis of Police Reforms or any similar topic only for you Order Now M I YEAR EMAIL- deepinder. bal@nalsar. ac. in 1 Abstract In 1996, two former Director Generals of Police requested the Supreme Court to direct the central and the state governments to adopt a set of measures to address the most glaring gaps and bad practices in the functioning of the police. 2 Given the gravity of the problem and the total uncertainty as to when police reforms would be introduced, the Supreme Court, on 22nd September, 2006, delivered a historic judgment where it considered that it could not further wait for governments to take suitable steps for police reforms and issued 7 directives for immediate compliance which were binding upon central and state governments, until they frame appropriate legislations. The researcher would like to relate the topic with Aristotle’s theory. Aristotle’s vision of a good civil society and the teleological theory can be related to the purpose of introduction of the police reforms viz. the judgment and the purpose of the implementation of the judgment. 2 Topic- An analysis of police reforms (In light of the judgment, Prakash Singh others v. Union of India and others on 22, Sept, 2006) 3 The Government of India appointed a National Police Commission in 1977 to examine the role and performance of the Indian police as a law-enforcing agency and as an institution to protect the rights of the citizens enshrined in the Constitution. The Commission submitted 8 reports in a span of 2 years, wherein it made various recommendations so as to redefine the role, duties, powers and responsibilities of the police. With the 8th report, it drafted a new Police Act incorporating certain essential recommendations, which were never implemented. In 1996, a petition was filed by 2 former Director Generals of Police, praying for the issue of directions to the Government of India to frame a new Police Act drafted by the Commission to ensure that the police is made accountable essentially and primarily to the law of the land and the people. As a part of my project research, I would like to examine the need of police reforms in India, the implications and implementation of the 2006 judgment of the Supreme Court (in response to the petition of 1996), in relation to the Aristotle’s theory of justice and his concept of a good civil society. India has established a vibrant democracy, where good governance and administration of justice to the citizens are essential attributes. The primary institution on which the state relies for the maintenance of law and order is the police. Policing is an essential public service and it is the duty of every state to provide its people with the best police service possible. The society perceives police to be the custodians of law and order who provide safety and security to all. Thus police personnel have a vital role in a parliamentary democracy like India. The Police as an organized institution came into existence in India with the Police Act of 1861, which was the advent of the British. The police act was designed on the British model of colonial control, which was meant for its subjects and not for the free citizens of a democracy. Independence has changed the political system in India, but the police system is still governed by The Police Act of 1861. It is shocking to believe that, till now, no government, central or state, has taken the initiative to replace the Police Act of 1861 with new legislation, which would be in tune with requirements of democratic policing. Aristotle in his theory states that the purpose of any organization is to from good citizens and to cultivate good character. We must recognize that the police is one of the most vital social institutions needed to construct a democratic society in which human rights and freedoms are respected and protected. He also stated that â€Å"the end and purpose of a polis is the good life, and the institutions of social life are means to that end†. 1 1 Who deserves what? , Michael sandel’s theory of justice. 3 A political community exists to promote a good life and this aim cannot be achieved without the support of an efficient social organization. So, the police service is a significant part of the socialization body and it seeks to enhance the democracy and the civility within the society. 4 The aim of the police force is to promote the welfare of society for which they must be equipped with the professional knowledge and the necessary powers for creating a social just environment for the citizens. Aristotle believes that it is possible to reason the purpose of social institutions. He reasons that the essential nature of the social institutions is not fixed once and for all. Policing is a dynamic process. It needs to be constantly reinvented in order to be effective. Civil society advocates for a variety of policy changes, new legislations all aimed towards public good. Law is needed both to help habituate citizens to virtuous actions and to help maintain the salutary habits they acquire. For Aristotle, the primary purpose of law is to cultivate the habits that lead to good character. â€Å"Legislators make the citizens good by forming habits in them, and this is the wish of every legislator, and those who do not effect it miss their ark, and it is in this that a good Constitution differs from a bad one†. 2 Presently, the police organisation is marked by aback of democratic functioning and adequate police direction. Police priorities are defined by, and changed according to, the will of the political executive. The manner is which political control has been exercised in India has led to gross abuses, resulting in the erosion of rule of law as well as political credibility. You read "An Analysis of Police Reforms" in category "Papers" At present the laws governing the relationship between police and the political executive are not clear enough to prevent the blurring of boundaries. Over the course of time this lack of clarity has permitted all kinds of illegitimate interferences to seep into the police functioning and is one of the seminal causes for poor overall management of the police and the difficulty of fixing responsibility so as to achieve effective, unbiased and accountable performance. In a democracy, the police have to function as any other public service, which renders services to the community and not as â€Å"force†. Aristotle has also made a distinction between â€Å"rule of law† and â€Å"rule of force†. The rule of law is a democratic rule for the benefit of the entire population (all citizens, the public or the nation as such), whereas the rule of force is an authoritarian, perverted and corrupted form of rule for the advantage of the ruler. 3 In relation to the above context, the Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh has observed, â€Å"Today, police forces have to serve the interests of the people, not rulers. In a democratic framework as we are in today, there is need to have in the police forces a managerial philosophy, a value system and an ethos in tune with the times. I had 2 3 Richard Kraut, Aristotle: political philosophy, Oxford University press, 2002. Aristotle (384-322 BC): The Polis. Hammondsworth, 1991, Penguin. 4 5 emphasized the need to ensure that the police forces at all levels change from a feudal force to a democratic service. The spirit of public service, of respect for the rights of individuals, of being just and humane in ones action must permeate the entire police force†. 4 The Supreme Court too, reiterated the need of enforcing the rule of law in the police system with its verdict of the 2006 judgment5. The Court ordered that police reform must take place. The states and union territories were directed to comply with seven binding directives viz. to Constitute a State Security Commission, selection and minimum tenure of DGP, minimum tenure of IG of police and other officers, separation of Investigation, Constituting a Police Establishment Board, to constitute a Police Complaints Authority and to set up a National Security Commission, that would kick start reform. These directives pulled together the various strands of improvement generated since 1979. The Court required immediate implementation of its orders either through executive orders or new police legislation. According to me, the judgment of the Supreme Court though came after a decade of the filing of petition; it served the dire necessity of the implementation of police reforms, which was never initiated by any of the state or the central government so far. According to Aristotelian’s theory of justice, every social practice or an institution is established for some purpose, end or aim. The aim of the police force as a social institution is to maintain law and order in a democratic society. If this purpose is not being achieved, the need for police reforms in keeping with the requirements of a modern, democratic state is self-evident. Aristotle has described his theory of justice as: Justice is teleological- defining rights requires us to figure out the telos (the purpose, end, or essential nature) of the social practice in question. Justice is honorific- to reason about the telos of a practice- or to argue about it- is, at least in part, to reason or argue about what virtues it should honor and reward. 6 In any country, administration of justice is one of the primary functions, which it seeks to promote. One of the ways through which this purpose could be achieved is to have a policing system, which is equipped with such adequate powers. Aristotle in his theory while discussing the concept of justice with regard to telos and honouring of virtues, stresses that you honour only those persons who help in achieving your purpose. 4 Prime Minister’s address to the Annual conference of DGPs / IGPs of States and UTs; October 6, 2005; New Delhi; retrieved from http://pmindia. nic. in/speech/content. asp? id=207 5 Prakash Singh and others v. Union of India and others, Writ Petition (civil) 310 of 1996. 6 Supra, note 1. As according to Aristotle only virtuous people are honored, to imbibe that virtue in the police force, it is necessary that they should have such powers where they can function efficiently and effectively thus, imparting goodness in the society. 6 Aristotle says that essential nature is attributed to the social institutions so that the purpose or the telos can be achieved . Here, the police being still governed under the 1861 act have not been given the required powers through which they can achieve the purpose of policing. The crux of the police reform is to secure professional independence for the police to unction truly and efficiently as an impartial agent of the law of the land and at the same time, to enable the government to oversee the police performance to ensure its conformity to law. The need of law enforcement is to maintain peace, enforce the laws of the land, protect the people from criminals, and to help ensure the safety of the citizens. The corruption in political system and political leaders has made the Indian police toothless; so far doing their duties is concerned. If the police have no powers, it cannot function to provide a safe and secure environment for its citizens. Coupled with undue political interference police functioning is plagued by the lack of policy directions and absence of any formal performance evaluation framework. The most glaring examples of illegitimate political interference affecting police work is evident in cases of communal riots and other disturbances. Public order is a critical necessity for progress. An unruly society would be a recipe for economic disaster. With the implementation of the police reforms the quality of life of the citizen, which is in great measure dependent upon the maintenance of public and police order will improve. Aristotle also states that â€Å"at his best man is the noblest of all animals, separated from law and justice he is the worst†. 7 Even after 6 years of the judgment have elapsed, no effective steps have been taken by a majority of states to incorporate the directives issued by the Supreme Court. None of the directions to professionalize the police force, to prevent arbitrary transfer of officers and introduction of transparency in the system have been implemented. The criminalization of Indian politics has eroded the authority of the police leadership and consequently the discipline of the force. Aristotle’s way of reasoning from the purpose of a good to the proper allocation of the good is an instance of teleological reasoning. Aristotle claims that in order to determine the just distribution of a good, we have to inquire into the telos, or purpose, of the good being distributed. The distribution of good that Aristotle talks about, in my case is equivalent to the distribution of powers in a democratic society. If we look into the purpose of power being distributed it should be in the hands of those who would best utilise the power and help in the achievement of a purpose, which is the administration of justice. And 7 Supra, note 3. 7 since police is a medium achieving the justice, they should be given proper powers in order to achieve the telos. Aristotle had said, â€Å"It is in justice that ordering of society is centered. The justice system in many ways is the bedrock of a democratic society since it upholds the rule of law, which is the fundamental feature of a t rue democracy. Our laws have to be sensitive to the changes in social structure and social philosophy, a reflection of contemporary social consciousness and a mirror of our values as a civilization. Thus, non-accessibility of justice results in the erosion of rule of law as well as police credibility†. For Aristotle, justice means giving people what they deserve, giving each person his or her due. It involves two factors: â€Å"things, and the persons to whom things are assigned†. 9 As far as the implementation of the judgment is concerned, the court stressed the need for a buffer body between the police and the politicians, which will accord functional autonomy to the police even as they are supervised by the political executive. As a result the relationship between the police and politician will loose its present character of unfettered discretion and illegitimate interference. The non-seriousness in the approach of the state governments in abiding with the directives issued by the Supreme Court, destroy the very basis of a judicial mechanism. The purpose of the judgment was to provide a professional and a wellequipped police system, which can efficiently manage the democratic society. The lack of political will in implementing this reform is symptomatic of a larger malice in the system, whereby the politician is reluctant to let go off his control over the police and law enforcement agencies. The alacrity with which thousands of northeast Indians fled Maharashtra and Karnataka recently has once again underscored the complete lack of the faith of the common man in the law and order machinery. It is yet another reminder that more than anything else a multi cultural and multi ethnic society like India needs an a political, professional police force and an efficient judicial system that will serve the rule of law without fear or favour. It is absence of such a vital mechanism that is at the heart of the unchecked crimes, poor conviction rate and the general lack of faith in the law and order system that we see in India today. The police force is highly politicised and corrupt and more than anything else, it is the absence of strict enforcement of law and swift justice that is at the heart of the breakdown that we face today. Aristotle’s concept of a good civil society where he talks about the law of the polis inculcating good habits and thus forming a good character sets us on the way to civic virtue. This virtue can be achieved with the implementation of the police reforms in the society. 8 9 Supra, note 3. Supra, note 1. 7 8 The quality of the justice system in the country, to a larger extent depends upon the working of a police force. Thus, having regard to larger public interest, it is absolutely necessary to issue the requisite directions. 8 Bibliography 9 ? Aristotle, Nicomachean ethics. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1962 ? Who deserves what? , from Michael Sandel’s Theory of Justice ? Morris, T. , (1998), If Aristotle ran General Motors: the new soul of business. New York: Henry Holt and Company, LLC. ? Richard Kraut, Aristotle: political philosophy, Oxford University press, 2002 ? Aristotle (384-322 BC): The Polis. Hammondsworth, 1991, Penguin 9 How to cite An Analysis of Police Reforms, Papers

Comprehensive HR Report Strategic Human Resource Management

Question: You are to write a comprehensive HR report to the Group CEO of your company, detailing the above human capital issues, policies and practices currently being used in your organisation or another organisation you are familiar with. You have to critically review current practices and strategies and then propose and recommend the necessary HR strategies, policies programmes and practices to be implemented for the company covering those areas. Answer: Introduction Managing the employees in an organization is as difficult as managing the competitors present in the external market (Bratton and Gold 2012). It is the duty of the organization and the senior management to deal with the problems of the organization and think about the welfare of the employees (Buller and McEvoy 2012). It has been seen that out of the entire population that is looking for a job in Malaysia, 53 percent of the population is doing so with respect to achieving better salary in the next organization (Hays.com.my 2016). According to the survey presented in Hays.com.my, it has been found that even if the employees are well settled in a job, 48% out of them are ready to hear about a new job opening if they are being called for any job offer. People often look for change with the hope of getting better remuneration and incentives and to experience new challenges. While some individuals in Malaysia, are looking for a change as they are not comfortable with the culture and style of management prevalent in their current organization, contrarily others feel that there is a lack of progress, development and training within their organization that is causing their stagnation. Moreover, some employees are also of the opinion that there is an absence of work life balance and are concerned about job security. The present report will look into the human resource management practices and related problems of Fraser Neave Holdings Bhd located in Malaysia. The mentioned organization is famous for its food and beverages business and has been included in the Bursa Malaysias Main Board (Fn.com.my 2016). The organization has been operating in locations like Brunei, Indochina, Malaysia, and Thailand. The company has been able to spread its business in forty countries and has been the best company in Malaysia. It has more than 3000 employees and has seen listed among the top graduate employers in Malaysia. David Chalmers Neave and John Fraser founded it in the year 1883. Currently, it has its annual turnover of RM4 billion. The report will evaluate the problems of change management, motivational issues, leadership styles and the cross-cultural issues prevalent in the organization. All the above-stated issues have been affecting the employees in the organization and hence, they are not able to perform well in the organization. The report will be presented to the CEO of the organization, so that the problems with respect to the employees may be understood and necessary steps could be taken. The recommendations are presented for the CEO to help him decide the best possible method to solve the issues. The following section presents some of the problems that had been identified at Fraser Neave Holdings Bhd are: The problems in Fraser Neave Holdings Bhd due to organizational changes Issues with hiring process Fraser Neave Holdings Bhd has experienced some organizational changes with the development of the organization. During expansion of the company in the international market, new employees are needed for the company to enhance productivity of the company. The hiring process that has been taken into consideration is the external hiring process. As a result, there was unrest among the employees in the organization. The existing employees in the organization do not like the change. This is because of the following two reasons. Firstly, they are against the fact that some of the external employees have been recruited in the organization in place of internal promotions (Hendry 2012). Secondly, they are not ready to work with the candidates of international origin due to cultural dissimilarities (Jiang et al. 2012). Moreover, the old employees in the organization were looking for promotions when they heard about the new positions that had been declared in the organizations. The grievance of the existing employees is that they have not got the opportunity of promotions, where as the new employees have been recruited in the senior post. Therefore, they see less opportunity of career growth in the organization. As a result, the rate of labor turnover has been high in this company for few years. Increasing labor turnover has a negative impact on the company in terms of both profitability and reputation. When the employees are not able to get the desired role and recognition, they start thinking of leaving the organization and find opportunities in some other organization (Budhwar and Debrah 2013). Market information suggests that almost 30% of the people who are looking for a job in Malaysia are mainly looking for the job because they are not getting proper promotions in the company where they are working. Issues with market-oriented organizational culture To stay ahead in the competition, Fraser Neave Holdings Bhd took the help of market-oriented organizational culture. The market-oriented organizational culture helped the organization obtain external exposure, and the managers were able to focus on the external issues (Budhwar and Debrah 2013). The focus on the market-oriented organizational culture helped the managers to obtain control over the market, thereby achieving a stable position in the external market. The organization felt that once new hires were recruited the organization would be able to work effectively. Due to the market-oriented culture, the internal stability has become weak for the organization. It gradually eliminated the term innovation from the company. The employees were unable to suggest anything new in the organization as they lost the freedom to act (Ulrich 2013). The main motto behind market-oriented organizational culture is to get the job done and this was not proving fruitful for the organization. The older employees who were eager to give new ideas were not able to incorporate new ideas and they felt frustrated working in the company. Eventually, the employee turnover rate increased. Lack of motivation Due to having numerous human resource management problems in Fraser Neave Holdings Bhd, the employees have been de motivated due to several factors. The main reason behind lack of motivation in Fraser Neave Holdings Bhd is the absence of proper benefits and rewards being awarded to the employees of the organization. They felt demotivated, as they are not getting the proper recognition in the organization. The employees were constantly working in fear of being punished by the senior management due to practice of autocratic leadership style in the management. Thus, lack of motivation was responsible for reduced productivity of the employees (Marler and Fisher 2013). Leadership problem The existing practice of the autocratic leadership in Fraser Neave Holdings Bhd aggravates the cultural problem in the origination. It has been already mentioned that the employees are working under the strict supervision, and hence it can be inferred that they were following a certain kind of leadership that is not suitable for the organization (Hendry 2012). There is a need to change the leadership styles as well. The organization had been following the transactional leadership style. Cultural issues The company has been facing some cultural issues for several years. Different branch of the organization has employees from different background and cultures. Cultural difference exists due to differences in language, religion and ethnic practices. It has been seen that many of the existing employees have been reluctant to accept new employees with different cultural background. Such cultural practices influence the organizational behavior among the co-workers (Marler and Fisher 2013). It reduces the scope of collaboration. Therefore, the dissatisfaction among the employees of Fraser Neave Holdings Bhd has been increased. Moreover, co-ordination among the employees improves the performance of the team member through sharing ideas and knowledge. This co-ordination has been observed to be lacking among the employees of Fraser Neave Holdings Bhd. Current changes in the human resource policy and practices in the organization Policies regarding planning, training and talent retention Fraser Neave Holdings Bhd has taken numerous policies to address the above-discussed issues. The company now gives priority to the strengthening human resource and increases competencies among the employees. As the company had problem regarding leadership, the higher authority has revised the organizational structure and recruitment policy for the management position (Ulrich 2013). Under the corporate human resource management strategy, this company has implemented total performance management system. The three main important components of Training Performance Management System are performance appraisal and training of the employees, performance assessment and succession planning. This initiation has been taken to help the employees enhance their job skill. Improved skill increases job satisfaction and motivates the employees to engage themselves more in the work force. An extensive human resource planning system has been incorporated in the organization on the suggestion of the consultant. The working hour has become more flexible as compared to the what it was before. For effective HR management system, training is required for every individual across the organizational hierarchy The Company organize an FN Group Management Development Program for improvement of HRM system. Fraser Neave Holdings Bhd gives priority to the home-grown leadership in the thought that home grown leader can better understand the internal problem of the organization. In order to improve the skill and competencies among the employees, the company organizes several training program such as sponsored course, professional certificate course, graduate and executive development course. In order to fulfill the plan, they have collaborated with the different Universities such as Harvard University, Nanyang Technological University. Talent retention is important concern of this company. In order to do that, the company has arranged grooming sessions for the employees for the improvement of their communication skills, organizational behavior, interpersonal skills and competencies. This grooming session is helpful to mitigate the cultural adjustment problem in the organization (Banfield and Kay 2012). Grooming helps the old employees to adjust with the new technology. Employee job satisfaction and reward system motivates the employees significantly and increases the probability of retention of the employees. Thus, skilled employees are assets for the company as they have more experience and require less training. On the contrary, recruitment of new employee needs training, which incurs additional cost. Recommendations Recommended policy and program for change management As the Kurt Lewins model of change brought certain human capital issues in the organization, the Kotters change management model can be introduced in the organization. The Kotters change management model works in a systematic mode and helps the employees and the employees to settle down gradually. Figure 1: Kotters change management model (Source: Banfield and Kay 2012) It can be seen that the eight step model will be helpful for Fraser Neave Holdings Bhd because it will help the employer to make the employees understand that the change is important for the organization. Moreover, changes cannot be brought in an organization in one day (Muethel, Gehrlein and Hoegl 2012). The employees should be able to understand the need for the change(Kim 2012). The strategic vision will help the employees to see the bright future. Additionally, the organization needs to identify employees who are positive about the change. The organization needs to form a volunteer team comprising of such employees who will help the management remove the barriers for change. Moreover, the short-term achievement should be given importance so that the employees feel positive about the changes (Mendenhall and Osland 2012). The final steps are sustaining the change and finally installing the change. The organization should also give the old employees a chance before starting the external recruitment (Nica 2012). The old employees who are interested in the new position could be asked to submit an application for the new post. If they are willing to apply for the post, an interview will be taken to find if they are eligible for the post. If they are able to pass the interview, no external employees will be considered for the post (Hong et al. 2012). In this way, the old employees will be satisfied that they are not being deprived of any opportunity within the organization, and they will be able to welcome the new employees in the organizations. Once the employees are able to test their ability, they will not have any problem if the management hires any external employee for any position in the organization (Truss, Mankin and Kelliher 2012). Recommendation for reward system and staff welfare Reward policies have been undertaken by the organization to encourage performance improvement of the employees. Improved performance increases job satisfaction of the employees. If job satisfaction increases, the employees can contribute significantly to achieve objectives and the goals of the organization. Safe working environment, employee referral and performance appraisal are required for job satisfaction. Fraser Neave Holdings Bhd can implement programs such as employee referral award, employee of the month award, attendance award, award for decent behavior within work place, efficiency service award. Along with the reward policy, other staff welfare programs can be arranged. They could include facilities like cash bonus, extra paid vacation, insurance policy, gift certificates, housing allowances, verbal recognition and annual tours, which can enhance the involvement of the employees in the work place. Recommended policy and program for organizational culture It can be seen that the employees were not happy working in the organization because the manager mainly aimed at the proper execution of the task rather than thinking about the employees and the ways the employees can contribute to the organization (Renwick, Redman and Maguire 2013). Thus, it was suggested that Fraser Neave Holdings Bhd should take into consideration the adhocracy-oriented organizational culture and the hierarchy-oriented organizational culture. The motto of adhocracy-oriented organizational culture is doing the things first, and the motto of hierarchy-oriented organizational culture is to do the things right (Alfes et al. 2013). The proper combination of the adhocracy and hierarchy-oriented organizational culture will help the employees thrive and incorporate innovation in the organization (Nickson 2013). The adhocracy-oriented organizational culture encourages the employees so that they take up risk while working in the company. In addition to this, it gives the e mployees many opportunities to innovate and ask them for their ideas. Hierarchy-oriented organizational culture does not only mean that there should be a distinction between the employees based on the designation of the employees. Hierarchy-oriented organizational culture means it helps in enhancing the efficiency of the employees (Kehoe and Wright 2013). The senior employees guide the junior employees. The senior management does not order the junior department, but they look forward to working together (Aswathappa 2013). As a result, it brings an internal stability in the organization and the organization will be able to perform well in the external market. Recommended policy and program for motivation It can be recommended to Fraser Neave Holdings Bhd that following the X and Y theory of motivation could help them take the right decision with respect to dealing with the employees. As per the X theory, the employees are under strict supervision, and the employees are forced to do work (Stredwick 2013). They avoid taking any responsibility, and they need to supervise at every step of their work. The employees have no ambition to work better or are motivated to perform well in the organization (Morgeson et al. 2013). On the other hand, the Y theory suggests that the employees are motivated, and they are always enthusiastic to take up new responsibility at the workplace (Antonioli, Mancinelli and Mazzanti 2013). They innovate new ways of solving the problems, and they are always ready to take up new challenges in the workplace. The new policy that could be suggested for Fraser Neave Holdings Bhd is to follow the Y theory and motivate the employees based on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. At times, money cannot work as the ultimate source of motivation, and the employees need to feel connected with the organization where they are working (Purce 2014). Intrinsic motivation will help the employees feel that they are important for the organization (Warner 2013). The managers should include the junior employees in the decision-making sessions and ask for their feedback when there is any new inclusion in the organization. Even though the senior management is taking the final decision for the organization, yet the junior employees should be involved whenever the organization is going to take any decision, the employees should know about it beforehand (Storey 2014). The extrinsic motivation will be in the form of the benefits and the compensation to the employees (Jackson, Schuler and Jiang 2014). The employees should get the incentives on time. Giving the incentives on time is also another way of showing the work of the employees is being recognized by the management (Bratton and Gold 2012). The benefits will act as the extrinsic motivation, and they will work harder to get more benefits in future. However, it should not happen that the extrinsic motivation of the employees gives rise to any unhealthy competition among the employees. The employees should not create a sense of greed among the employees (Buller and McEvoy 2012). Hence, the management should also see that the employees are getting the benefits as per their work in the area where they have excelled and not in any other area. Recommended policy and program for leadership styles The leaders at Fraser Neave Holdings Bhd need to follow the transformational leadership. The transformational leadership style believes in working with the employees rather than ordering the employees (Flamholtz 2012). A transformational leader feels that positive change among the employees and in the organization helps the organization to grow. Thus, even if the organization has any set-aside rules and objectives to be followed, a transformational leadership might look forward to changing the objective if there is any need for change in the objectives. A transformational leader is always ready to change the organizational culture by making use of new ideas in the organization. Transformational leadership believes that the employees will get motivated if they are given the power to act and proper training. When on one hand, the transformational leadership aims at the growth of the employees; on the other hand, they teach the employees that the employee should think about the growth of the organization (Ehnert and Harry 2012). The employees learn the meaning of teamwork and work and help the fellow employees while learning new techniques. The leader understands that the growth of the career of the employees is important along with the growth of the organization. As a result, a transformational leader gives new challenges to the employees so that they learn to get out of the problems. Once they are able to get out of the problem, they learn new techniques and are able to solve the issues themselves. The leader asks for special training for the employees, as it will help in the development of the employees. Recommended policy and program for cultural integrity It has been suggested that the senior management should first select a language while communicating with the employees in the organization (Banfield and Kay 2012). The employees will not be allowed to talk in their mother tongue with the employees who know the similar language. The common language will help the employees feel that they are part of a single entity rather than giving the sense that they belong to different entities (Kim 2012). Some strict actions should be taken to solve the issues, and the employees would be fined if they were found communicating in their mother tongue (Muethel, Gehrlein and Hoegl 2012). In addition to this, the teams should be built not by dividing the employees as per their background but giving them as per their knowledge and work area. The senior manager should keep in mind that none of the employees of similar background or culture stays together. Even if they stay, they should not form any sub-groups. The best way to make the employees work with each other is clear communication. Once the employees of different background works with each other, they will understand the problems of other employees (Mendenhall and Osland 2012). Eventually, they will start helping each other, rather than resisting themselves from forming the group with employees from different backgrounds. The employees will then learn to solve the issues themselves, rather than to get into conflict who the co-workers (Nica 2012). In this way, the internal problems of the organization will be solved, as the employees will work together for the enhancement of the business of the organization. Use of computer with internet in the organization Use of computer increases the effectiveness of the human resource management system of the Fraser Neave Holdings Bhd. Additionally the use of internet also reduces the pressure of paper work and utilizes the working hour effectively. Computer with internet helps to do a laborious task easily within a short time. Therefore, the saved time can be utilized for doing other tasks. Computer technology enhances the system of human resource management. Fraser Neave Holdings Bhd can use enterprise resource planning in HRM and HRM payroll management system. The ERP software is very helpful to deal with total payroll system of the employees. It contains data regarding employees basic salaries, payment, leave, insurance benefits, taxes, provident funds if any, pension, gratuity, and medical (Ehnert and Harry 2012). ERP system helps in recruitment process. The software can record all the pre recruitment and post recruitment records of the employees. This software can select the right candidate for the organization based on their experience, qualification and skills. Therefore, it can be recommended to use computer in the organization and use of ERP software in the system. The Internet is extremely helpful in information management in the organization, while the intranet is useful for sharing information among different department and different branch of the company. Conclusion After going through the problems of Fraser Neave Holdings Bhd (FNHB), it can be concluded that it is the duty of the senior management to deal with the employees in the organization. The problems that were found in Fraser Neave Holdings Bhd are problems with change management, motivation of the employees, leadership styles and cross-cultural issues. It has been mentioned that the people in Malaysia are leaving jobs mainly because they were not able to get the proper recognition in the workplaces. In addition to this, the problems with the benefits and compensations exist in many organizations in Malaysia. The similar problems exist in Fraser Neave Holdings Bhdas well. If Fraser Neave Holdings Bhd is recruiting a new member for the organizations, their actions should be justified to the old employees because they are serving the companies for a longer time. Thus, the Kurt Lewins change management model was asked to replace with the Kotters change management model. Kotters model wi ll be helpful to make them understand the need for the change and will help them to accept the change. The problems with the leadership style and motivation go hand in hand. The employees in the organization are demotivated because of the pressure of the work they are facing due to the changes. It has been seen that Fraser Neave Holdings Bhd is following a carrot and stick theory to make the employees work, and the leaders are following transactional leadership. The organization believes in keeping a strict check on the employees and hence, the employees were not able to work freely in the organization. Hence, it was recommended that leaders of the group should follow transformational leadership and the employees should be motivated with the help of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation for the employees. The employees should be involved in the decision-making of the organization, and they should be given the timely incentives and the benefits so that they gain interest with respect t o working for the organization. Finally, being present in the market of Malaysia, there are employees from different origins. 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