Chemistry Atom and High Melting Essay

Chemistry Atom and High Melting Essay Chemistry: Atom and High Melting Essay Gladen T Maswera Chemistry Unit 1: Introduction to Chemistry Section A 1.1a) Gases don’t have fixed shapes because gas particles have little or no attraction to each other, hence they spread everywhere. The particles in a gas are very far apart and the forces between such widely spread particles are extremely weak. This means that gas particles will readily move away from each other. Their particles are not densely compacted. Whereas solids have a fixed shape because the atoms in them are bonded tightly together and there is little space between them. 1.1b) Solids, liquids and gases would not exist at such extreme temperatures because at a very high temperature higher than the maximum boiling point or melting point of either gas solid or liquid will cause a definite change of state, and thus they would not exist in their original form. The solid would melt, the liquid evaporate and the gas turns into plasma. 1.1c An atom is the basic unit of an element. An atom is a form of matter which may not be further broken down using any chemical means. A typical atom consists of protons neutrons and elements. A compound is the result of two or more elements becoming chemically combined together. The elements react chemically causing bonds to be formed between the atoms involved. An element is the simplest form of matter and cannot be decomposed into simpler substances. They are composed of one kind of atom each atom has the same properties and the same atomic number. Molecules are a result of two or more atoms being joined together chemically by a bond. 1.2(i) R would be suitable for filling a thermometer that records temperatures in Britain. (ii) P would be a liquid at room temperature because water boils at 100ââ€" ¦c and freeze at 0ââ€" ¦c and substance P is the one who’s temperatures are within this range. (iii) S and Q are most likely to be strong metals because of the very high melting and boiling points. (iv) Both Q and S would most likely to be ionically bonded because of the extremely high boiling and melting point. Ionic bonds have very high melting and boiling points because they are tighly bonded together. (v) Q and S would be solids at room temperature because of the high boiling and melting points. Solids have high melting and boiling points because the particles in them are highly compacted and are tightly bonded together. 1.3 Aim: To separate and compare a mixture of dyes in three differently coloured inks. Apparatus: Beaker, lid, chromatography paper, solvent, different colour dyes. Method: Pour a small amount of solvent such as ethanol into the beaker. Spot the chromatography paper with the three different colour dyes, about 1.0cm from the base of the paper. Suspend the paper into the beaker, making sure the level of the solvent is lower than that of the dye spots. Also make sure the paper doesn’t slide into the dye. Note the movement of the dye and separation of colours. Conclusion: Separated dyes. 2.1 Chlorine 35 Chlorine 37 2.2 The element Krypton is the one that cannot form a compound, because it has a full outer shell, therefore it does not need to give, take or share electrons. 2.3(a) Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. 2.3(b) The average atomic mass = (64+65+68)à ·3=65.6 3.1(a) Nitrogen (N2) (b) We draw the electrons as dots and crosses to easily represent and differentiate between two valences of two or more elements. Substance under test Effects of gentle heat Soluble in water Solubility in Cyclohexane Conduction on solids Zinc Chloride Melts Yes No No Potassium Iodine Melts Dissolved No No Carbon Graphite Changed colour to red Mixed No Yes Glucose (C6 H12O6) Melted Dissolved No No Copper (Cu) Turned red No No Yes Lead (Pb) Melted & turned red No No Yes Silicon Dioxide (Si02) No change No No No We concluded that ionic bonds conduct electricity and have high melting and

The Sociologists Take on Feminism

The Sociologist's Take on Feminism What feminism means is a hotly contested debate in the twenty-first century. Often, efforts to define feminism are hatched in response to critiques or dismissals of it as angry, irrational, and man-hating. The term itself is so widely contested and derided that many people adamantly state that they are not feminists, despite espousing what many consider feminist values and views. So what is feminism really all about? Equality. Not just for women, but for all people, regardless of gender, sexuality, race, culture, religion, ability, class, nationality, or age. Studying feminism from a sociological perspective brings all of this to light. Viewed this way, one can see that feminism has never really been about women. The focus of a feminist critique is a social system that is designed by men, guided by their particular gendered world views and experiences, and designed to privilege their values and experiences at the expense of others. Who those men are, in terms of race and class, among other things, varies from place to place. But at a global level, and especially within Western nations, those men in power have historically been wealthy, white, cisgender, and heterosexual, which is an important historical and contemporary point. Those in power determine how society operates, and they determine it based on their own perspectives, experiences, and interests, which more often than not serve to create unequal and unjust systems. Within the social sciences, the development of a feminist perspective and feminist theories have always been about de-centering the privileged white male perspective from framing social problems, the approach to studying them, how we actually study them, what we conclude about them, and what we try to do about them as a society. Feminist social science begins by casting off the assumptions derived from the particular standpoint of privileged white men. This means not just reconfiguring social science to not privilege men, but also, to de-center whiteness, heterosexuality, middle and upper-class status, ability, and other elements of the dominant perspective in order to create a social science that combats inequality and fosters equality through inclusion. Patricia Hill Collins, one of the most accomplished and important American sociologists alive today, referred to this approach to seeing the world and its peoples as intersectional. This approach recognizes that systems of power and privilege, and of oppression, work together, intersect, and rely upon each other. This concept has become central to todays feminism because understanding intersectionality is central to understanding and fighting inequality. Collinss articulation of the concept (and the lived reality of it) is what makes race, class, sexuality, nationality, ability, and many other things necessary to include in a feminist perspective. For, one is never simply just a woman or a man: one is defined by and operates within these other social constructs that have very real consequences that shape experiences, life chances, perspectives, and values. So what is feminism really all about? Feminism is about fighting inequality in all of its forms, including classism, racism, global corporate colonialism, heterosexism and homophobia, xenophobia, religious intolerance, and of course, the persistent problem of sexism. It is also about fighting these on a global level, and not just within our own communities and societies, because we are all connected by globalized systems of economy and governance, and because of this, power, privilege, and inequality operate on a global scale. Whats not to like?